الرئيسية
Module 1:Fundamental Knowledge and Practice Skills
(for 6 weeks- 2 days/week - 2hrs/day)
Learning Objectives:
- This session aims to teach students the hereunder:
- How to gather and understand relevant clinical information
- How to communicate effectively with patients, and health professionals.
- The foundation level skills required to deliver a clinical pharmacy service, including:
- Analysis of drug charts and clinical information.
- Development of treatment plans .
- Communication with patients and carers including explaining and listening skills and medication history taking.
- Provide effective discharge planning.
How to identify and access the clinical information that is relevant to individual patient.
How to process clinical information to determine if a patient's treatment is optimal.
How to plan and implement changes when drug treatment is not optimal.
Week 2/Week 3a: Pharmacokinetics & TDM (3 days/ 2hrs/day)
Learning Objectives:
- Identify and provide examples using basic pharmacokinetic concepts
commonly used in clinical practice, including elimination rate constant,
volume of distribution, clearance, and bioavailability. - Describe specific pharmacokinetic characteristics of commonly used
therapeutic agents, including aminoglycosides, vancomycin, phenytoin,
and digoxin, as well as pharmacokinetic alterations in patients with
renal and hepatic disease. - Define important issues as they pertain to drug concentration sampling and interpretation
Week 3b/ Week 4a: Evidence-based medicine (2 days/2hrs/day)
Learning Objectives:
This module is designed to provide the candidate with:
- How to find reliable evidence
- Grades of evidence
- How to analyze and critically evaluate research papers
- Putting evidence into practice
Week 4b/ Week 5: Clinical Trials, Critical Appraisal and Biostatistics (3 days/2hrs/day)
4a. Clinical Trials Fundamentals of Design and Interpretation
Learning Objectives:
- Define, compare, and contrast the concepts of internal and external validity, bias, and confounding in clinical study design.
- Identify potential sources of bias in clinical trials; select strategies to eliminate or control for bias.
- Outline the hierarchy of evidence generated by various study designs.
- Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of various
study designs (e.g., prospective; retrospective; case-control; cohort;
cross-sectional; randomized, controlled clinical trials; systematic
review; meta-analysis). - Select from various biostatistical tests to appropriately compare
groups or their assessments from various study designs and use their
findings/output to interpret results.
Week 4b/ Week 5: Clinical Trials, Critical Appraisal and Biostatistics (3 days/2hrs/day)
4b. Critical Appraisal
Learning Objectives:
- Define and evaluate odds, odds ratio, risk/incidence rate, risk
ratio/relative risks, and other risk estimates. Compute and evaluate
number needed to treat and number needed to harm. - Appreciate the importance of systematic management of information
- Improve practical skills in appraising a particular sort of research evidence
- Improve skills in communicating research findings
4c. Biostatistics
Learning Objectives:
- Differences between descriptive and inferential statistics
- Identify different types of data (nominal, ordinal, continuous
[ratio and interval]) to determine an appropriate type of statistical
test (parametric vs nonparametric). - Describe strengths and limitations of different types of measures of
central tendency (mean, median mode) and data spread (standard
deviation, standard error of the mean, range, interquartile range). - Describe the concepts of normal distribution and the associated parameters that describe the distribution.
- Types of decision errors that can occur when using statistical tests and the conditions under which they can occur.
- Hypothesis testing and state the meaning of and distinguish between p-values and confidence intervals.
- Areas of misuse or misrepresentation associated with various statistical methods.
- Appropriate statistical tests selection based on the sample distribution, data type, and study design.
- Interpret statistical significance for results from commonly used statistical tests.
- Similarities and differences between correlation and regression; learn how to apply them appropriately
- Use of survival analysis and different ways to perform and report it.
Week 6: Clinical Laboratory Tests and Adverse Drug Reactions (Two days/ 2hrs/day)
5a. Clinical Laboratory Tests
Learning Objectives:
This module is designed so the candidate will:
- Understand the different clinical laboratory testing
- The relevancy of the clinical laboratory testing to the patients drug treatment
- Explain why a particular test might be undertaken
- Interpret common laboratory test reports relating to drug therapy
- Advise on changes to drug treatment dependant on the results of common laboratory tests
Topics include:
- Hematology tests
- Urea and electrolytes
- Kidney function tests
- Liver function tests
- Thyroid function
5b. Adverse Drug Reactions
Learning Objectives:
This module is designed so the candidate will:
- Be aware of the importance of adverse drug reactions in causing illness
- Understand the types of adverse drug reactions
- Understand some of the mechanisms of adverse drug reactions
Understand the importance of reporting adverse drug
